Icupa rya thermos, rizwi kandi nka thermos, ryahimbwe bwa mbere n'umuhanga mu Bwongereza Dewar.
Mu 1900, Dewar yahinduye hydrogène ihindagurika ihinduka hydrogène y’amazi-y’amazi bwa mbere ku bushyuhe buke bwa -240 ° C.Iyi hydrogène y'amazi yagombaga kubikwa mu icupa, ikirahuri gisanzwe, ikayisukamo amazi ashyushye, hanyuma igakonja nyuma yigihe gito.Ibibarafu byashyizwemo, kandi bizashonga mugihe gito.Kubwibyo, kubika ayo mazi ya hydrogène akonje cyane, hagomba kubaho ikintu gishobora kugifata igihe kirekire.Ariko muri kiriya gihe, muri iyo si nta termos zigeze zibaho ku isi, bityo yagombaga kureka igikoresho cya firigo gihora gikora.Kugirango uzigame hydrogène y'amazi, igomba gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, zidasanzwe kandi ntizoroshye.
Dewar rero yiyemeje gukora icupa rishobora kugumana ubushyuhe bwo kubika hydrogène y'amazi.Nyamara, amacupa asanzwe yikirahure ntashobora gukomeza gushyuha.Ibyo biterwa nuko ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bidukikije buri munsi y’amazi ashyushye, ariko burenze ubw'ibarafu.Amazi ashyushye hamwe na ice cubes bihura numwuka wo hanze kugeza ubushyuhe bwo hanze mumacupa bumeze.Niba umunwa w'icupa ufunzwe uhagaritse, nubwo umuyoboro uhuza ikirere wafunzwe, icupa ubwaryo rifite umutungo wo guhererekanya ubushyuhe.Gutwara ubushyuhe biganisha no ku bushyuhe no gutakaza ubushyuhe.Kugirango bigerweho, Dewar ikoresha uburyo bwa vacuum, ni ukuvuga icupa ryibice bibiri bikozwe kugirango bakureho umwuka mubice kandi bahagarike imiyoboro.Ariko hariho ikindi kintu kigira ingaruka mukubungabunga ubushyuhe, ni ukuvuga imirasire yubushyuhe.Mu rwego rwo gukemura ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwamacupa abiri, Dewar yakoresheje igiceri cya feza cyangwa irangi ryerekana mugice cya vacuum kugirango bahagarike imirasire yubushyuhe inyuma.Imiyoboro itatu yo guhererekanya ubushyuhe ni convection, imiyoboro hamwe nimirasire.Niba ihagaritswe, umurongo w'imbere w'icupa uzakomeza ubushyuhe igihe kirekire.Dewar yakoresheje ubu bwoko bw'icupa yakoze kugirango abike hydrogène y'amazi.
Icyakora, Umudage ukora ibirahuri Reinhold Berger, wamenye ko thermos yagira akamaro mubihe bitandukanye, yapanze amashyuza mu 1903 maze afata gahunda yo kuyizana ku isoko.
Berg ndetse yakoze amarushanwa yo kwita thermos ye.Izina yatsindiye yatoye ni "thermos," nijambo ry'Ikigereki risobanura ubushyuhe.
Ibicuruzwa bya Berg byagenze neza kuburyo bidatinze yohereje thermos kwisi yose.
Amacupa ya Thermos afitanye isano rya bugufi nakazi kabantu nubuzima bwabo.Zikoreshwa muri laboratoire zibika imiti, kandi inkingo zinka, serumu nandi mazi akenshi bitwarwa mumacupa ya thermos.Muri icyo gihe, hafi buri rugo rufite amacupa manini na mato mato hamwe na mugs..Abantu barayikoresha mu kubika ibiryo n'ibinyobwa mugihe cya picnike n'imikino y'umupira w'amaguru.
Mu myaka yashize, ibintu byinshi bishya byongewe kumasoko y'amazi ya thermos, kandi hashyizweho ingufu za termo, igitutu cyo guhuza, nibindi byakozwe.Ariko ihame ryo gukumira ntirihinduka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-28-2022
